{"id":1783,"date":"2022-11-22T18:43:33","date_gmt":"2022-11-22T18:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library-dev.umbc.edu\/wp\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/?page_id=1783"},"modified":"2022-11-22T18:43:33","modified_gmt":"2022-11-22T18:43:33","slug":"minority-stereotypes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/","title":{"rendered":"Racial &amp; Ethnic Stereotypes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People from all demographics in society were the subject of satire, ridicule, and critique. This includes minority identities such as Black people, Irish Celts, Jewish people, and other racial and ethnic identities. The illustrations present in this collection showcase beliefs that are disparaging and harmful towards racial, ethnic, and religious minority groups in Cruikshank\u2019s Britain, and serve as an important reminder that minority stereotypes were cultivated in visual arts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These visual stereotypes circulated and promoted dehumanizing imagery of minority groups and particularly reflect the medicalization of race, intolerance for non-Christian religions, and a general desire among dominant racial and social groups within British society for control over individuals considered &#8220;other.&#8221; In the era of Pax Britannica, those who did not look, sound, believe, and live the Anglo-Saxon way were subordinated. As the sketches in this collection make clear, white supremacist ideology was aided by pseudo-scientific movements like phrenology which would later spur the popularization of eugenics near the century\u2019s end.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Click on the images below to learn more about each sketch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/phrenelogical-illustrations\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"270\" data-id=\"2866\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Phrenelogical-Illustrations-300x270.jpg\" alt=\"A large family is piled together hanging onto each other with the caption \u201cPhiloprogenitiveness.\u201d\" class=\"wp-image-2866\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Phrenelogical-Illustrations-300x270.jpg 300w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Phrenelogical-Illustrations-1024x922.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Phrenelogical-Illustrations-768x691.jpg 768w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Phrenelogical-Illustrations-1536x1382.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Phrenelogical-Illustrations-2048x1843.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/the-miraculous-host-edited\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" data-id=\"2868\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/The-Miraculous-Host.Edited-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"A man stabs a knife into a table while two figures look on \" class=\"wp-image-2868\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/The-Miraculous-Host.Edited-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/The-Miraculous-Host.Edited-684x1024.jpg 684w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/The-Miraculous-Host.Edited-768x1150.jpg 768w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/The-Miraculous-Host.Edited-1026x1536.jpg 1026w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/The-Miraculous-Host.Edited-580x870.jpg 580w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/The-Miraculous-Host.Edited.jpg 1052w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/three-courses-and-a-dessert-edited-1\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"836\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"2882\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Three-Courses-and-a-Dessert.Edited-1-836x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A circular image of a man with a barrel for a head and the caption \u201cThe Neighbors of an Old Irish Boy.\u201d\" class=\"wp-image-2882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Three-Courses-and-a-Dessert.Edited-1-836x1024.jpg 836w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Three-Courses-and-a-Dessert.Edited-1-245x300.jpg 245w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Three-Courses-and-a-Dessert.Edited-1-768x940.jpg 768w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Three-Courses-and-a-Dessert.Edited-1-1254x1536.jpg 1254w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Three-Courses-and-a-Dessert.Edited-1.jpg 1283w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/cruikshank-omnibus-cropped\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"293\" data-id=\"2867\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Cruikshank-Omnibus.Cropped-300x293.jpg\" alt=\"A group of dark-skinned men sit on an elephant that is lurching towards a gate.\" class=\"wp-image-2867\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Cruikshank-Omnibus.Cropped-300x293.jpg 300w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Cruikshank-Omnibus.Cropped-768x750.jpg 768w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Cruikshank-Omnibus.Cropped.jpg 895w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/uncle-toms-cabin\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"2871\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/12\/Uncle-Toms-Cabin-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"A Black man points at a white man in a top hat while a group of Black men and women look on. \" class=\"wp-image-2871\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/comic-almanack-cropped\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" data-id=\"2869\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Comic-Almanack.Cropped-300x185.jpg\" alt=\"A man who is drawn as an Asian stereotype sits at a table and laughs with a group of white men. \" class=\"wp-image-2869\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comic-Almanack.Cropped-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comic-Almanack.Cropped-1024x631.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comic-Almanack.Cropped-768x474.jpg 768w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comic-Almanack.Cropped.jpg 1338w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/biglow-papers\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"2870\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/12\/Biglow-Papers-177x300.jpg\" alt=\"A Black man peeks behind a tree and looks at a white soldier who is slumped over on a tree and is missing a leg.\" class=\"wp-image-2870\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/slap-at-slop-22ferocity-exemplified22-1\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" data-id=\"2862\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Slap-at-Slop-22Ferocity-Exemplified22-1-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"Three figures are depicted, one is an ape, one is an exaggerated looking Black man and one is a white man with very small features.\" class=\"wp-image-2862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Slap-at-Slop-22Ferocity-Exemplified22-1-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Slap-at-Slop-22Ferocity-Exemplified22-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Slap-at-Slop-22Ferocity-Exemplified22-1-768x433.jpg 768w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Slap-at-Slop-22Ferocity-Exemplified22-1.jpg 1252w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-zoooom\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/specialcollections\/cruikshank\/sketching-people\/bodily-forms-features\/minority-stereotypes\/comparison-of-heads-cruikshank-manuscripts\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"2884\" src=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Comparison-of-Heads-Cruikshank-Manuscripts-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A letter with cursive writing that features a sketch of a Black man with very exaggerated features and a sketch of a white man. \" class=\"wp-image-2884\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comparison-of-Heads-Cruikshank-Manuscripts-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comparison-of-Heads-Cruikshank-Manuscripts-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comparison-of-Heads-Cruikshank-Manuscripts-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comparison-of-Heads-Cruikshank-Manuscripts-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comparison-of-Heads-Cruikshank-Manuscripts-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/Comparison-of-Heads-Cruikshank-Manuscripts-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>People from all demographics in society were the subject of satire, ridicule, and critique. This includes minority identities such as Black people, Irish Celts, Jewish people, and other racial and&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2093,"parent":1160,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1783","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1783"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1783\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1160"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.umbc.edu\/cruikshank\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}