The Evolution of 20th Century Camera Technology from the William B. Cavanaugh Collection

“There is a feeling of newness about these times; and if the past is prologue, as they say, better hobby technology and more fun lie ahead.”

 –William B. Cavanaugh (1924-2013)

This exhibit features historic cameras from the William Cavanaugh collection. Fascinated by cameras, Cavanaugh collected over 100 vintage cameras and camera accessories—twentieth-century cultural relics. His complete collection represents different advancements in the field of photography and technological developments that made photography easier, more accurate, and more accessible to the general public. Cavanaugh, a World War II Veteran, died January 19, 2013.  He left behind four children and thirteen grandchildren.

  • Kodak Vest Pocket Model B, 1925-1934. Horizontal, open, bellows not extended.

    Lens, Shutters, and Film

    The cameras in this collection are representative of cameras produced in the early twentieth century. To use these cameras, a photographer activated the shutter—allowing light to enter the lens, pass […]

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  • Kodak 3A, 1909-1915. Open, bellows extended, angled to right.

    Box Cameras and the Brownie Legacy

    At the turn of the twentieth century, cameras were still too expensive for the average consumer. George Eastman, founder of Kodak, envisioned everyone buying and using cameras—including children. Named after the designer […]

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  • Kodak Retina I Type 010, 1945-1949. Open back.

    35mm Film and Advanced Focusing

    Why did everyone start using 35 mm? This film—first used for cinema projections—became the international film gauge in 1909. A standard gauge with perforations allowed photographers to easily load and […]

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  • Zeiss Super Ikonta, 1954-1958. Open, side view.

    Single-lens and Twin-lens Reflex Cameras

    Photographers used Single-Lens Reflex (SLR) cameras in the mid-nineteenth century. They effectively allowed photographers to see and focus by viewing the image in a 45 degree mirror. However, pulling the […]

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  • Gossen Luna Pro Exposure Meter, 1961

    Controlling Light

    As technology evolved in the twentieth century, so too did the ability to use light—the fundamental element of photography. Exposure meters measure the amount of light falling on a subject, […]

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  • Nimslo 3000 3D, 1980s. Open back.

    Automatic Cameras and Instant Photographs

    From the 1960s through the 1980s, camera manufacturers tried to make photography simpler. Cameras already had high quality film, shutters, lenses, rangefinders, and exposure meters—but now photographers wanted mechanization. From mechanical […]

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